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Beulah Bondi
Beulah Bondi (May 3, 1889 – January 11, 1981)〔According to the State of California. ''California Death Index, 1940–1997''. Center for Health Statistics, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, California. At Ancestry.com〕 was an American actress of stage, film and television.〔Obituary ''Variety'', January 21, 1981.〕 She began her acting career as a young child in theater, and after establishing herself as a stage actress, she reprised her role in ''Street Scene'' for the 1931 film version. She played supporting roles in several films during the 1930s, and was twice nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She played the mother of James Stewart in four films, including ''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'' (1939) and ''It's a Wonderful Life'' (1946). She continued acting well into her later years, winning an Emmy Award for an appearance on ''The Waltons'' in 1976.
==Life and career==
Bondi was born as Beulah Bondy in Valparaiso, Indiana, the daughter of Eva Suzanna (née Marble), an author, and Abraham O. Bondy, who worked in real estate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Explore Historical Newspaper Archives Online | NewspaperARCHIVE.com )〕 Bondi began her acting career on the stage at age seven, playing the title role in the play ''Little Lord Fauntleroy'' in a production at the Memorial Opera House in Valparaiso, Indiana. She graduated from the Frances Shimer Academy (later Shimer College) in 1907, and gained her bachelor's and master's degrees in oratory at Valparaiso University in 1916 and 1918.
She made her Broadway debut in Kenneth S. Webb's "One of the Family" at the 49th Street Theatre on December 21, 1925. She next appeared in another hit, Maxwell Anderson's "Saturday's Children" in 1926. It was Bondi's performance in Elmer Rice's Pulitzer Prize-winning "Street Scene," which opened at the Playhouse Theatre on January 10, 1929, that brought Bondi to the movies at the age of 43. Her debut movie role was as "Emma Jones" in Elmer Rice's ''Street Scene'' (1931), which starred Sylvia Sidney, and in which Bondi reprised her stage role, followed by "Mrs. Davidson" in ''Rain'' (1932), which starred Joan Crawford and Walter Huston.
She was one of the first five women to be nominated for an Academy Award in the newly created category of "Best Supporting Actress" for her work in ''The Gorgeous Hussy'', although she lost the award to Gale Sondergaard. Two years later, she was nominated again for ''Of Human Hearts'', and lost again, but her reputation as a character actress kept her employed. She would most often be seen in the role of the mother of the star of the film for the rest of her career, with the exception of ''Make Way for Tomorrow'' (1937) as the abandoned Depression-era 'Ma' Cooper. She often played mature roles in her early film career even though she was only in her early 40s. Bondi played James Stewart’s mother in four films: ''It's a Wonderful Life'', ''Mr. Smith Goes to Washington'', ''Of Human Hearts'' and ''Vivacious Lady''. In 1940 Bondi played Mrs. Webb in ''Our Town''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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